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From ... in Biology —

Could Hydrogen Peroxide Treat Coronavirus?

STORY AT-A-GLANCE Can an inexpensive and easy to administer at-home treatment treat the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2? According to Dr.

Could Hydrogen Peroxide Treat Coronavirus?

Thomas Levy, the answer is yes. The remedy in question is hydrogen peroxide, aerosolized in any standard nebulizer. Originally conceptualized in the early '90s by Dr. Charles Farr, hydrogen peroxide treatment can successfully treat most viral respiratory illnesses, including coronavirus. According to Levy:

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"While different individuals can be expected to have variable degrees of positiveresponse, this intervention can be anticipated to eliminate eventual fataldisease outcomes in all but the most advanced cases."

It's worth keeping in mind that while the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk of serious complications and death, the overall mortality rate of COVID-19 appears to be quite low, and very similar to infiuenza. A compilation of reported mortality statistics from around the world can be found in the paper, "Likelihood of Survival of Coronavirus Disease 2019," published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, March 30, 2020. For the latest up to the minute COVID-19 stats, see the " Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering " page. That said, considering the fact that scientists still do not know whether COVID-19 patients gain lifelong immunity to the virus, or whether it will act more like cold and fiu viruses where each season presents a new opportunity for infection, having an inexpensive and simple way to treat yourself at first signs of symptoms may be a priority for many.

How Hydrogen Peroxide Works

To perform this treatment, you need but two items: a nebulizer such as the Pari Trek S Compressor Aerosol System and a face mask that covers your mouth and nose that emits a fine mist, and food grade hydrogen peroxide. Typically food grade peroxide comes in concentrations of 12% so you will need to dilute it down to .1% to use it as I describe in the video and chart below.

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Viruses are not "alive" per se. They need a live host in which they can infect live cells that then replicate the viral DNA and RNA. Once a cell is infected, newly replicated viruses exit the cell and move on to the next cell to duplicate the process. So, when we talk about "killing" a virus, we're really talking about inactivating them by breaking down their structure. This is why soap works so well. Coronaviruses are held together by a lipid (fatty) coating. Soap, being amphipathic — meaning it can dissolve most molecules — dissolves this fat membrane, causing the virus to fall apart and become harmless. More specifically, the fat-like substances in soap are structurally similar to the lipids found in the virus membrane, so the soap molecules compete with and replace the fats in the membrane. In so doing, the "fatty glue" holding the virus together dissolves. Hydrogen peroxide works in a similar way. As noted by Levy, "the way to control any viral infection is not to kill the virus; rather, the infected cells that have been turned into viral factories must be killed." Your immune cells actually produce hydrogen peroxide. This is in part how your immune system kills cells that have been infected with a virus. By killing the infected cell, viral reproduction is stopped. So, hydrogen peroxide therapy is in essence only aiding your immune cells to perform their natural function more effectively.

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Hydrogen peroxide is also a key redox signaling agent. As explained in the March 30, 2020, review article from my absolute favorite journal Nature Reviews Molecular Biology "Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as Pleiotropic Physical Signaling Agents":

"At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H O is the major agentsignaling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulationand stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environmentand stress ...Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecularinteractions of specific ROS [reactive oxygen species] molecules with specifictargets in redox signaling pathways.Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of theseoxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular andimmune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageingand cancer.In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular massantioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiationand progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediatedsignaling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future ofmore refined redox medicine."

In short, hydrogen peroxide is a major ROS, but while ROS are typically thought of as "all bad," this is a gross oversimplification. As noted in this paper, blanket elimination of ROS is inadvisable as they actually serve important signaling functions. The paper, which is behind a paywall, further explains:

"Steady-state physiological fiux of H O to specific protein targets leads toreversible oxidation, thereby altering protein activity, localization andinteractions, which contributes to orchestration of various processes in cellsand organs, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and
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angiogenesis. This state of low-level H O maintenance and its associatedphysiological redox signaling is called 'oxidative eustress.'"

Contrary to oxidative stress or oxidative distress, oxidative eustress denotes an oxidative challenge that has positive or beneficial effects and is essential in redox signaling.

Hydrogen Peroxide Has a Long History of Medical Use

As explained in a British Journal of Pharmacology paper published in 2012, which sought to assess the therapeutic potential of hydrogen peroxide in the treatment of ischemic stroke:

"... in light of recent findings, [hydrogen peroxide] is being recognized as aubiquitous endogenous molecule of life as its biological role has been betterelucidated. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that H O may act as asecond messenger with a pro-survival role in several physiological processes ...The presence of H O in living systems was identified in 1856. However, it wasonly in 1894 that 100% pure H O was first extracted ... In 1888, the firstmedical use of H O was described by Love as eficacious in treating numerousdiseases, including scarlet fever, diphtheria, nasal catarrh, acute coryza,whooping cough, asthma hay fever and tonsillitis.Similarly, Oliver and collaborators reported that intravenous injection of H Owas eficacious in treating infiuenza pneumonia in the epidemic following WorldWar I. Despite its beneficial effects, in the 1940s medical interest in furtherresearch on H O was slowed down by the emerging development of newprescription medicines ...Notably, Farr is generally considered to be the pioneer of 'oxidative therapy' byproposing intravenous infusion of H O to treat a wide variety of diseases.Later, Willhelm promoted the therapeutic use of H O to treat cancer, skindiseases, polio and bacteria-related mental illness.
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He defined H O as 'God's given immune system.' Another player in the H Ostory was Grotz, who obtained pain relief by testing H O on himself to treat hisarthritis pain."

As you can see, while Farr has been labeled a quack by some critics, other scientists and researchers are not so quick to dismiss his contributions to medical science.

What Do Studies Say?

The most relevant study was one that was done earlier this year in the Journal of Hospital Infection. They studies 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, six times weaker than the 3% typically used, and found that it killed human corona viruses and SARS corona viruses and MERS. Studies have also looked into the use of hydrogen peroxide against a variety of pathogens, including a 1994 study in Poultry Science, which found a microaerosolized mist of 5% hydrogen peroxide "completely inactivated infectious laryngotracheitis virus." Exposure to the mist also reduced infectivity of Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus and avian infiuenza virus, but did not completely inactivate them. Use of 10% hydrogen peroxide mist was necessary to render infectious bursal disease virus completely inactive. Another study, published in the American Journal of Infection Control in 2009, assessed the eficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide against viruses on various surfaces, finding exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor at a concentration of 10 parts per million resulted in 99% inactivation after 2.5 minutes. Similarly, a 2014 study in the Journal of Hospital Infection found hydrogen peroxide vapor eliminated an array of viruses on stainless steel, including human adenovirus 1, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs (TGEV, a SARS-CoV surrogate), avian infiuenza virus and swine infiuenza virus.

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According to the authors, "Hydrogen peroxide vapor was virucidal against feline calicivirus, adenovirus, TGEV and avian infiuenza virus at the lowest vaporized volume tested (25 mL)." Vaporized hydrogen peroxide was found to completely inactivate a range of exotic animal viruses in a 1997 study as well. Hydrogen peroxide's ability to inactivate dangerous infectious viruses has also been highlighted in vaccine science. As noted in a 2016 study in the Vaccine journal, 3% hydrogen peroxide completely and irreversibly inactivated the rabies virus within two hours, thus reducing time and cost of the inactivation process required for the making of a rabies vaccine (which contains inactivated rabies virus).

Why Use a Nebulizer?

The therapy touted by Farr involved administering hydrogen peroxide intravenously. This, however, puts the therapy out of reach for most who want a quick and easy remedy to use at home. A far more inexpensive and convenient alternative is to inhale the hydrogen peroxide mist, using a nebulizer — a small, handheld device that converts liquid into a very fine mist. The microscopic mist, similar to smoke or vapor, can be comfortably inhaled deep into your nostrils, sinuses and lungs. While nebulizers have routinely been used by asthmatics to deliver medication into their lungs, this delivery system affects not only the lungs but your entire body. As noted in the 2002 review article, "Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Prospects," "Targeting drug delivery into the lungs has become one of the most important aspects of systemic ... drug delivery systems." In the case of respiratory infections, the nebulizer has the added advantage of delivering the hydrogen peroxide right to the areas most affected by respiratory viruses — your sinuses, throat, bronchial tract and lungs.

"Effective hydrogen peroxide nebulization quite literally, 'chops the head off ofthe snake,' and the virus present elsewhere in the body can then readily be
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mopped up when the new virus infiux has been terminated,"

Levy says, adding:

"It should be kept in mind that hydrogen peroxide kills pathogens very readilyupon contact in an open wound. It should, therefore, be understandable whyputting a fine mist of hydrogen peroxide in all the areas of maximal viralreplication promptly puts the body on a pathway to rapid healing."

Levy's Hydrogen Peroxide Protocol

To prevent an infection from taking hold, begin treatment at first signs of symptoms. Food grade hydrogen peroxide (12%) should be diluted to a maximum .1% dilution. Consult with your physician before administering treatment, as this is for acute treatment and not recommended for chronic use. If you're already presenting with runny nose or sore throat. Levy recommends using the nebulizer for 10 to 15 minutes four times a day until your symptoms are relieved. You can also nebulized hydrogen peroxide for prevention and maintenance, which may be advisable during fiu season, or while the COVID-19 pandemic is in full swing. Levy notes:

"As it is a completely non-toxic therapy, nebulization can be administered asoften as desired. If done on a daily basis at least once, a very positive impact onbowel and gut function will often be realized as killing the chronic pathogencolonization present in most noses and throats stops the 24/7 swallowing ofthese pathogens and their associated toxins.If daily prevention is not a practical option, the effectiveness of this treatment isoptimized when somebody sneezes in your face or you finally get off of theplane after a trans-Atlantic fiight. Don't wait for initial symptoms. Just nebulizeat your first opportunity."

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